Muqaddima (Introduction)
Jab bhi Islam aur Christianity ke darmiyan ilm-e-kalam (theological) behas hoti hai, to ek sawal baar baar uthaya jaata hai: “Quran mein Naskh (abrogation) kyun hai?” Christian apologists isay Quran mein ek tazaad (contradiction) ke taur par pesh karte hain, yeh ta’assur dete hue ke (Ma’azAllah) Khuda ne apna faisla badal diya. Lekin kya yeh aitraaz aqli aur tareekhi taur par mazboot hai? Aur kya woh kitaab jise woh khud revealed by God maante hain, is qism ke “tazaadaat” se paak hai?
Is article mein hum contradictions in the Bible aur Quran mein Naskh ke tasawwur ka ek ghair-janibdarana (unbiased) aur tehqeeqi jaiza lenge. Hum na sirf Naskh ki hikmat ko samjhenge, balki yeh bhi dekhenge ke abrogation ka concept Bible mein kahin zyada wazeh aur wasee paimane par maujood hai. Hum us mashoor “bakri wali riwayat” ki haqeeqat se bhi parda uthayenge jise aksar Quran ki hifazat ke khilaf istemal kiya jaata hai.
Key Takeaways:
- Bible mein Tazaadaat: Hum wazeh misalon se saabit karenge ke Christian aqeede ke mutabiq Old Testament ke beshumar ahkaamaat mansookh (abrogated) ho chuke hain, jo ke contradictions in the Bible ke daawe ko taqwiyat deta hai.
- Naskh ki Haqeeqat: Naskh ka matlab ghalti nahi, balki Allah ki taraf se insaniyat ke liye waqt ke saath behtareen hukm ka nuzool hai. Yeh ek hikmat hai, kamzori nahi.
- Bakri Wali Riwayat Ka Postmortem: Hum sanad (chain of narration) ki roshni mein saabit karenge ke rajm ki ayat ko bakri ke kha jaane wali riwayat kamzor hai. Aur agar usey maan bhi liya jaye, to woh mansookh shuda ayat ke zaye hone ke ilahi plan ka hissa tha.
- Aqli Behas ke Usool: Hum wazahat karenge ke jab koi aapke deen par aitraaz kare, to uske apne deen se misaal dena “whataboutism” nahi, balki double standards ko benaqab karne ka ek aqli tareeqa hai.
Objection 1: “Bakri ne Ayat Kha Li” – Propaganda aur Haqeeqat
Sab se pehle us aitraaz ko lete hain jo sunne mein bada sansani-khez lagta hai. Kaha jaata hai ke Hazrat Ayesha (RA) ke paas rajm (stoning) ki ayat ek kaghaz par likhi thi, jise aap (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) ki wafaat ke baad ek bakri ne kha liya. Is se yeh nateeja nikala jaata hai ke Quran ka ek hissa zaye ho gaya.
Jawab: Sanad ka Ilmi Jaiza aur Aqli Tawjeeh
Is aitraaz ke do pehlu hain: ek ilmi (sanad se mutalliq) aur doosra aqli (hikmat se mutalliq).
1. Riwayat ki Sanadi Haisiyat (Authenticity)
Yeh riwayat Sunan Ibn Majah aur Musnad Ahmad mein aayi hai. Muhaddiseen (scholars of Hadith) ne iski sanad par gehri tehqeeq ki hai. Is riwayat ki sanad mein ek raawi Mohammed bin Ishaq hain. Ahmed Shakir jaise maahir muhaddis ne wazahat ki hai ke bakri ke kaghaz khaane wala jo hissa hai, woh darasal Mohammed bin Ishaq ka Tafarrud hai (yaani ek aisi baat jo unhone akele bayan ki hai, aur doosre bharosemand raawiyon ne nahi ki). Hadees ki science mein aisi riwayat ko shaaz (irregular/odd) kehte hain, aur woh hujjat (proof) nahi ban sakti. Lihaza, yeh poora aitraaz ek kamzor aur ghair-mustanad riwayat par khada hai.
2. Baraye Behas (For the Sake of Argument)
Chaliye ek minute ke liye maan lete hain ke yeh waqiya hua tha. Kya is se Quran ki hifazat par sawal uthta hai? Hargiz nahi. Iski wajah yeh hai:
- Ayat Pehle hi Mansookh-ut-Tilawah thi: Yeh baat ummat ke ijma se saabit hai ke rajm ki ayat ki tilawat mansookh ho chuki thi (Naskh al-Tilawah), jabke uska hukm baaqi tha. Jab ek ayat Quran ka hissa hi nahi rahi, to uske likhe hue kaghaz ke zaye ho jaane se Quran par kaise harf aa sakta hai?
- Ilahi Mansooba (Divine Plan): Mansookh shuda ayaat ko logon ke darmiyan se hatana Allah ke plan ka hi hissa tha, taake baad mein ummat mein confusion na ho. Agar yeh waqeya hua bhi, to yeh usi “divine plan” ka ek hissa tha. Allah Ta’ala apne plan ko poora karne ke liye apni makhlooq ka istemal karte hain. Iski misalein khud Bible aur tareekh mein maujood hain:
- Ibrahim (AS) ka Mendha: Jab Ibrahim (AS) apne bete ko qurban karne lage, to Allah ne ain waqt par ek mendha (ram) bhej diya. Kya yeh ittefaq tha? Nahi, yeh Allah ka plan tha.
- Boycott ka Ahad-nama: Jab Quraysh ne Banu Hashim ka boycott kiya, to unke ahad-name ko deemak ne kha liya, siwaye Allah ke naam ke. Yeh bhi Allah ka plan tha.
- Bible mein Misaalein: Old Testament mein Allah ne Fir’aun ki qaum par maccharon (mosquitoes) aur mendakon (frogs) ka azaab bheja.
Lihaza, ek bakri ka ek mansookh shuda ayat wala kaghaz kha jaana, agar hua bhi, to woh Allah ke plan ka hissa tha, na ke Quran ki hifazat mein koi kami.
Objection 2: Naskh (Abrogation) aur Contradictions in the Bible
Ab aate hain asal mauzu par. Christian apologists kehte hain ke Quran mein Naskh ka hona ek tazaad hai. Lekin Inshallah Is Par Ek Dedicated Artical Likha Jayga, Jisme Sirf Isi Topic Par Bat Hogi. Lekin Abhi ke liye aaiye dekhte hain ke Bible is maamle mein kahan khadi hai.
Jawab: Kya Bible Naskh se Paak Hai?
Haqeeqat yeh hai ke contradictions in the Bible aur abrogation ka tasawwur wahan Islam se kahin zyada wasee paimane par maujood hai. Christians aaj Old Testament ke beshumar ahkaamaat par amal nahi karte. Jab unse pucha jaye “kyun?”, to jawab milta hai ke Hazrat Isa (Jesus) ki aamad ne unhe mansookh kar diya hai.
- Sacrificial Law ka Mansookh Hona: Christian theology ke mutabiq, Torah ke qawaneen, khaas taur par “Sacrificial Law” (qurbani ke qawaneen), Hazrat Isa ki qurbani ke baad mansookh ho chuke hain. Ek qanoon jo pehle Allah ka hukm tha, ab nahi hai. Yeh Naskh (abrogation) ki sabse saaf misaal hai.
- Shari’at ek “Laanat”? St. Paul ne apne khat (Epistle to the Galatians 3:13) mein wazeh taur par Shari’at (Law of Moses) ko ek “laanat” (curse) qarar diya hai. Jab poori shari’at ko hi mansookh aur laanat qarar de diya gaya, to yeh Bible mein ek bahut bada abrogation nahi to aur kya hai?
Sawal yeh uthta hai ke agar ek poori shari’at (Old Testament) doosri shari’at (New Testament) se mansookh ho sakti hai, to ek hi shari’at (Islam) ke andar waqt aur halaat ke mutabiq ek hukm ka doosre hukm se badal jaana aitraaz ke qabil kyun hai? Dono sooraton mein hukm Allah ki taraf se hi hai. Is double standard ki kya wajah hai?
Objection 3: Naskh ki Hikmat aur Iski Sooratein
Ek sawal yeh bhi kiya jaata hai ke agar koi ayat mansookh ho gayi thi to usey Quran mein rakha hi kyun gaya? Ya agar Rajm ka hukm baaqi hai to uski ayat Quran mein kyun nahi?
Jawab: Naskh ki Aqsaam aur Unki Gehri Hikmat
Yeh sawal Naskh ke falsafe ko na samajhne ki wajah se paida hota hai. Naskh ki kayi sooratein hain, jin mein se do ahem yeh hain:
- Naskh al-Hukm duna al-Tilawah (Hukm Mansookh, Tilawat Baaqi): Is mein ayat Quran mein baaqi rehti hai, lekin uska hukm mansookh ho jaata hai.
- Misaal: Surah Baqarah (Ayat 180) mein marne wale par apne walidain ke liye wasiyat karna farz tha. Baad mein, jab Surah Nisa mein meeras (inheritance) ke qawaneen aaye, to wasiyat ka yeh hukm mansookh ho gaya. Lekin ayat aaj bhi Quran mein maujood hai.
- Hikmat: Iski ek hikmat yeh hai ke ummat ko Naskh ke concept ka ilm rahe aur yeh is baat ka zinda saboot ho ke Allah ne ahkaamaat mein tadreeji (gradual) tabdeeli ki hai.
- Naskh al-Tilawah duna al-Hukm (Tilawat Mansookh, Hukm Baaqi): Is mein ayat ki tilawat utha li jaati hai, lekin hukm baaqi rehta hai.
- Misaal: Rajm ki ayat. Iski tilawat mansookh hai, lekin hukm Sunnat-e-Nabawi se saabit hai.
- Hikmat: Iski sabse badi hikmat yeh hai ke ummat ko ehsaas dilaya jaye ke shari’at ka source sirf Quran nahi, balki Sunnah bhi hai. Agar hukm sirf Quran mein hota, to log Sunnah ki ahmiyat ko nazar-andaaz kar sakte thay.
Behas ka Aqli Usool: “Tu Quoque” Fallacy ya Double Standard ki Nishandahi?
Behas ke dauran jab Christian caller ko Bible se misaal di gayi, to unhone aitraaz kiya ke aap mauzu se hat kar Bible ki taraf jaa rahe hain.
Jawab: Yeh Fallacy Nahi, Intellectual Honesty ka Taqaza hai
Yeh “Tu Quoque” (tum bhi) fallacy nahi hai. Balki yeh aqli behas ka ek buniyadi usool hai. Iska maqsad yeh kehna hota hai:
“Jis cheez ko aap hamare deen mein ‘aib’ samajh rahe hain, wohi cheez aapke apne deen mein bhi maujood hai. Iska matlab hai ke aap us cheez ko buniyadi taur par ghalat nahi maante. Lihaza, aapka aitraaz ilm par nahi, balki sirf zid aur double standard par mabni hai.”
Yeh samne wale ko uske tazaad ki taraf tawajjoh dilana hai. Iski behtareen misaal Maulana Rahmatullah Kairanvi aur Padre Pfander ka woh tareekhi munazra hai, jismein Maulana ne Bible se hi dalail dekar Padre Pfander ko tehreef (alteration) ka qail kar diya tha.
Natija (Conclusion)
Is tafseeli behas se yeh saabit hota hai ke Quran mein Naskh ka tasawwur koi aib ya tazaad nahi, balki Allah ki la-mehdood hikmat ka ek mazhar hai. Yeh ahkaamaat ko insaniyat ke liye aasan aur waqt ke mutabiq banane ka ek zariya hai.
Doosri taraf, contradictions in the Bible ka daawa, khaas taur par abrogation ke hawale se, ek aisi haqeeqat hai jise Christian theology khud tasleem karti hai. Lihaza, Quran par aitraaz karne se pehle zaroori hai ke insaan apne ghar ki bhi khabar le. Ek Musalman ko chahiye ke woh apne deen ko ilm aur dalail ke saath samjhe, taake is qism ke shubhaat ka pur-aitmaad jawab de sake.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q: Kya “bakri ne ayat kha li” wali Hadees sahih hai? A: Nahi. Muhaddiseen ke nazdeek is riwayat ka woh hissa jismein bakri ke khaane ka zikr hai, sanad ke aitbaar se kamzor (shaaz) hai. Isliye ise daleel ke taur par pesh nahi kiya ja sakta.
Q: Naskh (abrogation) aur tazaad (contradiction) mein kya farq hai? A: Tazaad ka matlab hai do aisi baatein kehna jo ek hi waqt mein sach nahi ho saktin. Naskh ka matlab hai ek hukm ko Allah ki taraf se hi ek naye hukm ke zariye badalna. Yeh ek mansookhi hai, tazaad nahi.
Q: Rajm (stoning) ki saza Quran mein lafzon mein kyun nahi hai? A: Rajm ka hukm Quran mein naazil hua tha, lekin uski tilawat mansookh kar di gayi, jabke hukm Sunnat se baaqi rakha gaya. Iski ek badi hikmat yeh hai ke Musalman shari’at ke doosre buniyadi source, yaani Sunnat-e-Nabawi, ki ahmiyat ko samjhein.
Q: Kya Christians Old Testament ke ahkaamaat ko mansookh maante hain? A: Ji haan. Christian aqeede ke mutabiq, Hazrat Isa (Jesus) ki aamad ke baad Old Testament ke sacrificial, civil, aur ceremonial laws ki ek badi tadaad mansookh ho chuki hai aur un par amal karna zaroori nahi.
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